Fielding an unchanged team which included Ian Bell who had been called up for England's One Day Internationals, Warwicks won the toss and opted to field.
Chris Woakes got an early wicket when Phil Mustard was caught by Maddy but Ian Blackwell and Ross Taylor did some serious damage.
Taylor hit Imran Tahir for 21 runs in the seventh over as the visitors, who were also fielding an unchanged side were pushing towards a big target on a beautiful day at Edgbaston.
Ross Taylor's fifty came in 22 deliveries and saw five sixes and it also brought up the 100 for Durham, who with another six from Taylor were 106-1 at the halfway stage.
Taylor was finally out for 64 when he caught by Troughton to give Darren Maddy a wicket.
Dale Blenkinstein came in and with seven overs to go, Durham were 133-2.
Twelve runs came off the next over, followed by sixteen as Durham neared a record 205 runs at Edgbaston in a Twenty/20 match thanks to it being a day for the batsman.
Woakes bowled Blenkinstein for 28, Blackwell went lbw to Ant Botha for 79 from 66 balls including six sixes, then Botha had his second wicket when Ben Stokes went for a reverse sweep and missed to see him out for a duck as Warwicks slightly came back.
With Warwicks having conceded their highest ever Twenty/20 score, Durham passed the 200 mark with an over to go. Fifteen runs and a wicket for Neil Carter who ran out Liam Plunkett saw Durham close on 215-6.
Needing to get the record target chase in English Twenty/20 county cricket, Warwickshire were a wicket down in two balls when Jon Trott who had hit a four, edged to the wicketkeeper Mustard.
Ian Bell, who made 66 at Derbyshire on Wednesday came in and hit his first ball for four. Neil Carter who has made 1,000 runs in Twenty/20 cricket was also at the crease with Bell and the duo took Warwicks to 27-1 at the end of the third over.
Carter, who had passed 1,000 runs in Twenty/20 cricket went for 29 after skying one to Ross Taylor.
Jim Troughton came in to assist Ian Bell, who hit two sixes as he passed the fifty mark in 23 balls.
Bell continued to find the boundary, playing some terrific shots as Warwicks made nineteen in one over, eighteen in another to see Warwicks right on target. He was out for 85 from 47 balls when he hit one into the air and it was held by Gareth Breeze to leave Warwicks on 166-3 in the sixteenth over.
Troughton who had also passed the 1,000 mark, went for 33 in the next ball on a glorious evening in front of a large crowd.
Ian Westwood and Darren Maddy came to the crease as Warwicks needed 48 from the final four overs.
Hope of a third consecutive victory faded when only six runs came off the over with Darren Maddy being caught by Stokes in the next over after making three.
Rikki Clarke got off the mark with a four but they still needed 34 from twelve balls. The penultimate over did nothing to cheer the crowd as the darkness descended on Egbaston after the sun went in.
Twenty five runs were required in the final over. The first ball was a single, the second ball by Steve Harmison brought a leg bye. Four sixes were needed, Ian Westwood hit a six and was caught in what should have been a no-ball in the next ball, which meant Warwicks had lost the match. Rikki Clarke faced the final two balls. A single brought up the 200 and Ant Botha was then caught in the final ball to see Warwicks finish on 200-7 and Durham win by 15 runs.
On Sunday, Warwicks are at home to Lancashire. Play is due to start at 2.30pm and there is a funfair and attractions at the ground which is open from 10.30am. Commentary is available on BBC Coventry & Warwickshire.